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1988

20 January Hungarian Radio launches a new half-hour information programme entitled Religious Newsreel (ed. László Rapcsányi).
2 February Imre Miklós president of the State Church Office, holds a press conference in Vienna on Church-State relations. He states that not every pre-war religious order will be reinstated, and that there is no need to establish normal diplomatic relations between Hungary and the Vatican. He also rejects the idea of Cardinal Mindszenty's political rehabilitation.
14 March Károly Grósz meets representatives of the various Hungarian Churches. Bishop Szendi argues for a new concordat between Church and State, which would be more fitting for a democratic country. He also asks in his speech for the reinstatement of all religious orders dissolved in 1950, the legalisation of religious education and pastoral work with young people, and he also asks for the freedom to establish religious associations.
3-9 April 30th Congress of Pax Romana is held in Puchberg, Austria, with many Hungarian lecturers participating. The main topic is: "The future of young people - Young people of the future".
22 April Government spokesman Rezső Bányász states that there are 146 Jehovah's Witnesses and 6 Catholics among those imprisoned for refusing to do military service.
21-22 June The Hungarian Academy holds a meeting for the anniversary of St. Stephen, at which Ferenc Glatz, Minister of education, argues. for the necessity of a renewal .of Church historiography.
24 June John Paul II visits Burgenland (Austria) and celebrates Mass in Trausdorf (formerly Darázsfalva in Hungary) - thousands of Hungarians take part.
28 June László Paskai, Archbishop of Esztergom, is made cardinal.
9 June A Hungarian daily Népszabadság publishes an interview with Imre Miklós, president of the State Church Office, under the headline: "Is the influence of religion in Hungary increasing?" He believes that a reform of Church policy is unnecessary, because "for the last 30 years there have always been good government decisions and party resolutions in this field". He also announces that the new act on religious freedom will be completed by 1990 and that talks are under way about the introduction of an alternative to military service Marxists' views on religion have changed: "Religion and religious people are no longer considered political enemies."
13 July Endre Gyulay, bishop of Szeged and Csanád, publishes an article in Magyar Hírlap entitled "Understanding and Tolerance" in which he compares the Church to St. Sebastian, who was sentenced to death, but survived and offered his services to society. However, Gyulay believes that the Church also needs guarantees.
17 July Imre Miklós, president of the State Church Office, attends the inaugural Mass of Cardinal László Paskai, and greets him afterwards at the reception. Some leading Church officials, he remarks, including bishops, request things which are unacceptable, because they mar Church-State relations. He referred to Bishop Szendi's speech delivered in Parliament, and to Bishop Gyulay's article (see above 14 March 1988, and 13 July 1988).
19 August József Cserháti announces at a press conference that the Church would like to improve the efficiency of its social work. The fact that Jesuits and Cistercians were allowed to reopen their houses for educational purposes, and that there are less restrictions on religious education, indicate the erosion of obstacles to the work of the Church.
20 August 100,000 people attend the Jubilee Mass in honour of St. Stephen, held in front of the basilica in Budapest, and Cardinal Paskai announces in the presence of Archbishop Colassuonno and other foreign guests, that he and the government have invited Pope John Paul II to Hungary. The Pope addresses Hungarian Catholics in his letter on the occasion of the 950th anniversary of St. Stephen's death.
to 1st September 5000 refugees from Transylvania receive Church aid amounting to 6 million Forints.
14 September Cardinal Paskai addresses a letter to Lord Henry Plumb, president of the European Parliament, asking for his intervention in order to put a stop to the village destruction in Romania.
24 September Cardinal Paskai announces in his pastoral letter his intention to convene a diocesan council.
30 September The Hungarian Union of Priests, which had been set up two years previously by thirty priests, holds its autumn congress. László Lukács announces officially that the Hungarian movement will join the international Unio Cleri Apostolica.
2 October The training of youth group leaders starts to improve the pastoral work with young people, under the guidance of Bishop Gyulay, Church official responsible for youth education.
12. October Thousands of Hungarians both from Hungary and abroad participate in the national pilgrimage to Rome on the occasion of the year of St. Stephen. This event is the first such joint celebration.
1? October The Hungarian Boy Scout Movement is re-established. After long debates, those opposing any religious tendency in the group set up the Alliance of Hungarian Boy Scout Groups under the direction of the Patnotic Popular Front.
11-17 October Imre Miklós, president of the State Church Office does to Rome to negotiate the appointment of new assistant bishops, and also to discuss the national minorities and the Pope's visit.
20 October 37 priests are ordained during the course of the year.
8 November The 4th pastoral letter of the diocese Szeged and Csanád publishes Prime Minister Grósz's answers to the questions posed by Church r representatives at the March meeting (see above 14 March 1988). In answer to Cardinal Paskai. Grósz states: I agree that "the rules concerning Church-State relations have to be reformed, and limitations should be replaced by defined rules". To Gyulay's question he replies: There is no discrimination against religious people in Hungary. According to the new military ruling, soldier's will be allowed to take part in religious services during their holidays without wearing uniform. No permission will be required to publish pastoral letters." In answer to Bishop Szendi: "The reinstatement of the religious orders dissolved in 1950 will not be on the agenda". "It is an internationally well known fact that Churches in Hungary can work freely outside the churches too." Grósz among other things mentions the following: the permission of the bishop is sufficient for religious education to take place in churches. The Catholic Church is allowed to establish a house for educational purposes where Cistercians can help in the training of diocesan priests.
15 November Magyar Hírlap publishes an interview with Ferenc Magyar, editor of Új Ember. "Since the concordat of 1950, Hungarian Catholicism has tried to survive by taking only little steps. Many think we collaborated and therefore criticise the leaders of the Church. Though to a certain extent this criticism is justified, most of the concessions in time proved to be necessary."
25 November K. Harshew, president of the department of religious affairs in the Soviet Union, declares in London "the Soviet Union is not an atheist state." "When in the past we fought against religion and closed down churches, this was a distortion of Marxism like the personality cult of Stalin."
3 December Áron Márton Society, a new Catholic association, is established.
December The Hungarian Maltese Charity Service is established under the leadership of Csilla Boeselager. The organisation gave hospitals 6.5 million Forints worth of medical equipment.
22 December A new charity organisation, "Szamaritánus" (Samaritan), is set up to help drug addicts and alcoholics. Although the organisation belongs to the Church it is supervised by the Ministry of Health.
23 December Cardinal Paskai celebrates Mass in the hospital of Esztergom. For the first time in 40 years Christmas Masses are celebrated in many hospitals throughout the country. More and more hospitals allow Mass to be said.
30 December-4 January The ecumenical community of Taizé organises a European youth meeting in Rome and 1500 Hungarians participate.

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